2018年12月四級(jí)真題選詞填空

millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26__ occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27__ with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28__ like home heating and cooking, has remain 29__over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30__ it as an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31__,” he said.

The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income 32__ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they 33__ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.

But the problem is not limited 34__ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related ailments. In many European countries, where diesel 35__ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands.

題目解析：本次四級(jí)選詞填空相比往年的難度并沒有過多差異，單詞的考查的還是不同詞性用法以及詞正確形式的使用。除此之外，根據(jù)文章上下文選擇符合文章邏輯的正確含義的詞依舊是難點(diǎn)。所以，選詞填空對(duì)于絕大部分的學(xué)生來說，應(yīng)該明確的思路是縮小選擇范圍，這樣才能最大可能的判斷正確選項(xiàng)?？s小選擇范圍的四個(gè)步驟：1.劃分詞性 2.判斷主旨 3.判斷詞性與形式 4.代入選項(xiàng)

1.劃分詞性。將15個(gè)單詞根據(jù)尾綴劃分為四組單詞。

2.判斷主旨。本篇文章延續(xù)了與今年上半年考過的主題—環(huán)境污染。關(guān)于主題的判斷可根據(jù)文章的名詞重點(diǎn)捕捉，而無需探究每一個(gè)詞的含義。

3.判斷詞性與形式。這部分主要結(jié)合出題人在設(shè)計(jì)此類題型時(shí)，常用的句式，記住并套用即可。詞的形式主要針對(duì)的是動(dòng)詞和名詞，當(dāng)判斷出詞性后，需要判斷動(dòng)詞的詞性、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

4.帶入選項(xiàng)。這一步在備選選項(xiàng)大于一個(gè)時(shí)較難，因?yàn)樾枰忌Y(jié)合文章的邏輯，選擇符合文意的單詞，考查學(xué)生的詞匯量。

下面將根據(jù)具體的題目，將3、4 步進(jìn)行說明。

答案：

26. F. damage根據(jù)空前為形容詞，判斷出空缺處為名詞，根據(jù)上文，空氣污染每年給全球經(jīng)濟(jì)造成超過5萬億美元的福利成本，對(duì)于發(fā)展中帶來最大的傷害，因此選擇damage。

27. B.associated空前為the figures include a number of costs 27__ with air pollution 空格前主謂賓齊全，可判斷空格處和后面的with構(gòu)成短語做后置定語修飾前面的cost，而associate與be…with 構(gòu)成固定搭配。符合文意。

28. M.sources題目中Indoor pollution, which includes 28__ , 空前為動(dòng)詞，可知空格處為名詞來做動(dòng)詞的賓語。第二段首句表示據(jù)報(bào)道污染you室內(nèi)和室外污染，室內(nèi)污染包括像home heating and cooking 。

29. D.constant原文…like home heating and cooking, has remain 29__over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Remain 作為系動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)跟形同次，因此根據(jù)文意選擇constant。

30.G.described原文Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30__ it as an “urgent call to action.”根據(jù)出題人?？季涫絥_n v. 空前為名詞空后為名詞，此處應(yīng)填入及物動(dòng)詞，因此根據(jù)文意選擇 described。

31 E control空格前為形容詞little，空格處做have的賓語，因此填名詞，和over形成詞組，因此選擇control，詞組control over控制，此句意為過早死亡的危險(xiǎn)因素之一為我們呼吸的空氣，個(gè)人對(duì)它幾乎沒有控制權(quán)。

32. H equals空格前為lost labor income為名詞，定語從句中的主語，空格后為of結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞，因此判斷出空格為謂語，選動(dòng)詞，且第三人稱單數(shù)形式，選擇equals，此句意為空氣污染的影響在發(fā)展中最為糟糕，在一些地方，勞動(dòng)收入的損失相當(dāng)于近GDP的1%。

33. K regularly空格前為名詞，空格后為動(dòng)詞，判斷出空格為副詞，選擇regularly，此句意為在低收入與中等收入的，大約9-10人生活在經(jīng)常遭受嚴(yán)重室外空氣污染的地方。

34. Iexclusively空格前為謂語動(dòng)詞，空格后為belimitedto的賓語，句子成分完整，判斷空格為副詞，選擇exclusively，此句意為但是這個(gè)問題不僅僅局限于發(fā)展中。

35. Ovehicles空格前為名詞/形容詞，空格后為謂語動(dòng)詞，判斷出空格為主語名詞，由diesel限定修飾，選擇vehicles，此句意為，在許多歐洲，柴油汽車近年變得越來越普遍，這個(gè)數(shù)字達(dá)到了數(shù)萬輛。